English Grammar Guide

The Present Continuous

Master the art of describing actions in progress, temporary situations, and future arrangements. A comprehensive guide for advanced learners.

What is the Present Continuous?

The Present Continuous (also called the Present Progressive) is a verb tense used to show that an ongoing action is happening now, either at the moment of speech or now in a larger sense. It is also frequently used to discuss future plans.

Past
NOW

"I am working"

Future
The Foundation

Structure & Formation

Affirmative (+)

Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
  • I am reading a book.
  • She is working late.
  • They are sleeping.

Negative (-)

Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing
  • I am not reading.
  • He isn't listening.
  • We aren't going.

Interrogative (?)

(Wh-) + Am/Is/Are + Subject + verb-ing?
  • Are you coming?
  • Is it raining?
  • Where are they staying?

When to use it?

There are 5 main situations where we use this tense.

1. Actions Happening Now

Actions occurring at the exact moment of speaking.

"Please be quiet, I am working."

"Look! It is snowing."

2. Temporary Situations

Things happening "around now" but not necessarily right this second.

"I am reading a great book."

"She is staying with friends this week."

3. Future Arrangements

Definite plans for the near future (often with time expressions).

"We are flying to Paris tomorrow."

"He is meeting his boss at 2 PM."

4. Trends & Changes

Situations that are changing or developing gradually.

"The climate is getting warmer."

"My English is improving."

5. Annoying Habits

Used with "always" or "constantly" to show irritation.

"He is always leaving his socks on the floor!"

"They are constantly complaining."

Spelling Rules: The -ING Form

How to correctly modify the verb.

Rule Explanation Examples
General Add -ing to the base verb work → working
play → playing
Verbs ending in 'e' Drop the e, add -ing make → making
write → writing
CVC (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant) Double the final consonant, add -ing
(Only if stress is on the last syllable)
sit → sitting
run → running
begin → beginning
Verbs ending in 'ie' Change ie to y, add -ing lie → lying
die → dying
!

Critical Exception: Stative Verbs

Some verbs describe states (feelings, thoughts, senses), not actions. These are rarely used in the continuous form.

• Like/Love • Know • Believe • Understand • Want • Need • Belong • Prefer

Incorrect: I am knowing the answer.
Correct: I know the answer.

Test Your Knowledge

Complete the sentences with the correct form.